Every organization, whether public or private has its own unique culture. Even in the same government of the same country, culture is different in each organization. It is said, “Every organization has a culture, that is, a persistent patterned way of thinking about the central tasks of and human relations within an organization. Culture is to an organization what personality is to an individual.” (James Q. Wilson) Harold Seidman referred to government organizations “with distinct and multidimensional personalities and deeply ingrained cultures and subcultures reflecting institutional history, ideology, values, symbols, folklore, professional biases, behavior patterns, heroes and enemies.” Organization culture affects how organization and its members behave. Accordingly, the performance of specific organization is very much dependent on the culture of the specific organization.

Cyberspace is the frontier where fierce competition amongst organizations and nations. This highly contested space is critical for the future development of nations. Its importance is premised on the exponential growth of the knowledge economy and industry 4.0; pillared on the rising digitalization and the connectedness of the global community.